Everything about The Treaty Of Cusseta totally explained
The
Treaty of Cusseta was a
treaty between the government of the
United States and the
Creek Nation signed
March 24,
1832. The treaty ceded all Creek claims east of the
Mississippi River to the United States.
Origins
The Treaty of Cusseta was one of several with the "
Five Civilized Tribes", facilitated by the
Indian Removal Act, that led to the
deportation of native peoples in the
South to the
west. Between
1814 and
1830, Creek lands had been gradually ceded to the United States through treaties such as the
Treaty of Fort Jackson and the
Treaty of Washington (1826) until Creek territory was constrained to a strip in east central
Alabama along the
Georgia border.
Although treaty stipulations prohibited settlement of Creek lands, squatters moving into the territory were common and caused significant friction with tribe members. Tensions eventually resulted in a party of Creek warriors attacking and burning the town of
Roanoke, Georgia. In response, federal officials met with Creek leaders in the Creek village of Cusseta (Kasihta) on the
Chattahoochee River in Georgia. (Cusseta was sited on the current location of
Lawson Army Airfield in
Fort Benning.) The Creeks were compelled to agree to federal terms as outlined in the Treaty of Cusseta. The treaty was later signed in
Washington, D.C..
Terms
The Treaty of Cusseta required that the Creek nation relinquish all claims to land east of the
Mississippi River, including the territory in
Alabama. In return, individual Creeks were to be granted land claims in the former Creek territory. Each of the ninety Creek chiefs was to receive one section (1 mi², 2.6 km²) of land and each Creek family was to receive one half-section (0.5 mi², 1.3 km²) of land of their choosing. Despite the grant of land, the treaty made clear the desire of the United States to remove as many Creeks as possible to the west in the least amount of time, and the United States agreed to pay expenses for Creek emigrants for the first year after being deported. The treaty also called for the United States to make payments to the Creek nation of approximately $350,000 and provide 20 square miles (51 km²) of land to be sold to support Creek orphans.
Aftermath
Once the treaty went into effect, many of the new Creek landowners, not being aware of the value of land, were quickly taken advantage of by settlers who often purchased the treaty-promised land for a pittance. Those Creeks who managed to keep legal title to their lands were soon overwhelmed by squatters, who state and federal officials generally refused to evict. When individual Creeks attempted to enforce their property rights against squatters themselves, they were often retaliated against by the local militia. By
1835, the situation became intractable and open conflict broke out once again between Creeks and settlers. The United States government responded by deporting most of the remaining Creeks to the
Indian Territory.
Further Information
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